These factors are excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution.
We now add three more risk factors for dementia with newer, convincing evidence. Overall, a growing body of evidence supports the nine potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia modelled by the 2017 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care: less education, hypertension, hearing impairment, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, and low social contact. However, the age-specific incidence of dementia has fallen in many countries, probably because of improvements in education, nutrition, health care, and lifestyle changes. The number of older people, including those living with dementia, is rising, as younger age mortality declines.
